 

      ,        ,   ,  .    .            . 

   23  1883   .     ( ),    .    .   , , , .    . ,  . ,        ߻.  1910    - ,  1915   . 

  ,        (19141918),       .  1919          (  ),   1923          .      .   , .

 1929  1933        .  1933          ,    . 

 1947          (  .   . ),  1950  1951     ,   1952    .

          .        .   ,   , , , ,  ,  ,  , .    .

  12  1953 . 