 

    21  1866     ,   .       .  1888     ,            (   )       .      ,   1893    .

         (1895),          .       (1896), - (1897),   (1898),     (1901),   (1904)  .           - ,        .

           ,        .        ,    .        ,   ,            . 



      -    ,      ,    :     (1900), - (1909),   (1911),  (1912),   (1913),    (1922),    (1938).

 -          :        .         ,     ,   ,      ,       ? (1931),       ,      (1932).               (1920).

    (1927),     .     (1939)      ,   ,   .        (1945)      .

      ,      .        1914, 1920  1934 .    .        (1920).       ,           ,   .

   13  1946   . 