   

 (saccharine)      400   .            ,      .    ,       . 

    27  1879     2-,   .    .    .

 1884           ,     .   1950     "Maumee Chemical Company" (, )   ,      .

         E954,  .

 1960-     ,     . ,   1977 ,          ,     .      FDA       ,      .       ,   ,  ,        .

      .  1991  FDA      ,   2000        ,  ,  . 

                   .      90  (     ). 