        

     1863 ,      17       (          ).         ,   55         .        ,          The John Holland Fountain Pen Company.        .     ,               .      ,       ,      .    , ,    .   ,   ,        ,    . ,    ,   , ,    .             .  1888  Parker Pen Company       .  1904     3          ,      .   1906       EMBLEM       .        B-to-B (   ).   ,   ,      - ,              .                         ,         . 