   

:  

         .         (International White Cane Safety Day).    .     ,          ,     . 

             15  1970       (International Federation of the Blind).       15  1979 .

          1987 . 

  ,   ,    1921 .     (Bristol)       (James Biggs),      .     ,           .    ,         ,  .       .    .        ,    , ,    .

,       ,       ,     ,     ,     ,    13 ,    3 . 