

 "" (    )      "".       1834 .      .      Difference Engine.      , ,  .     ,   !  ,          ,    150  .    ,      ,     ,     8000   5 . Difference Engine         .

 

      50-         .             . ,           .   1953   Remington-Rand       UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer),   UNIPRINTER.   600    ( 130   ). 
            .    - ,  ""        ,       .        ,       .        ,   "", ,   .       .     , ,   ,           .    ,     ,    ,  , ,   . -       " ".

Reynold B. Johnson          IBM.   1954,     1955,       ,  1000    ( 100   ).         .

 ,   1959 ,     IBM 1403.      Data Processing System. IBM 1403       ,    IBM,        ,     .        ,        ,     .  IBM 1403      ,      .     1400     132    (  23    - 3   ).   ,    ,      ,         ,       .     ,          .   , ,      ,    "".

        ,      :      ,     ,   -   .

,       ""    (-  ).        .

 

  (Dot Matrix Printer)     .      .      . "        " -    (   ) .     ,     . ,      ,      ,      .

      Seiko Epson,   1964   ,   .       70-    Centronics Data Computer.  1970     ,   Model 101.        7  (    57 ,      ),       165   .     2,995 .   1977     Micro-1 (240      $595).    Epson   TX-80,     (    IBM,         OEM-).       ,     9, 12, 14, 18  24 .        .   : LQ (Letter Quality -  )  NLQ (Near Letter Quality -  ).    70-    (!)  .    4   ,    .      .

 -      ImageWriter   C.Itoh Electronics,    1976 ,        Apple  1983   $675.             NEC, Oki data  TEC.

       .      ,       .    ,       ,     .

 

  - , , ,       ,     .    ,      ,       .       ,   ""  .   XIX      ,         .        1948 ,    Siemens.

    ,    :   (  Epson  Brother),    (Canon)   drop-on-demand (Hewlett-Packard).       ,       ().

        ,   .     ,      .    ,    .   .

    (  BubbleJet)    -     ,        300-500 ,      ,    .

 drop-on-demand      -     .     ,      ,   .

   .      .       .    70-        .   1976  IBM     - Model 6640,    .   Siemens      .   1978  Canon     BubbleJet.   Hewlett-Packard      - drop-on-demand.    HP       1984 ,      ThinkJet,    .

    Epson     ,   1985    SQ-870/1170,     .      Dataproducts      .        Epson Stylus ( 1994 ).

,   90- , Hewlett-Packard      .      ( (cyan),  (magenta)   (yellow))   ,     .           Stylus Color,  Epson.

 

   ,      ,   .  1938  Chester Carlson   ,   .        ,     :    (),   ,    .       ,    ,   - ,   .       (  ,    , ,  ,     ),    ,        ,      .   :     (  )      ,      ,          .           ,     4  (  , ,    ).          .

      ,           - LED-  (Light Emitting Diode).

     :    (Gary Starkweather),   Xerox,        .         1969 .       1971 .   EARS,     .   ,       Xerox 9700 Electronic Printing System,     1977 .     IBM ,   1976     IBM 3800        F.W.Woolworth.

,   1981 , Xerox   Star 8010,       ,   WYSIWYG- ,  ,       , ,  .      17000 .      .

   Hewlett-Packard   LaserJet,   300 dpi    $3.500.     Apple      LaserWriter    Lotus Development, Microsoft  Aldus.   1985  1986   Apple LaserWriter  LaserWriter Plus .   1990   Hewlett-Packard LaserJet IIP     1000 .    LaserJet III      (RET - Resolution Enhancement Technology).        HP   -    LaserJet 4,        600 dpi.       Lexmark  HP    ,    Optra   1200 dpi.

      1993 .  QMS   ColorScript Laser 1000,   12,499 .    Apple      Color Laser Printer 12/600PS   $7,000.

    .     ,      ,     .
 

         : LPT.       ,     (    ),      Line PrinTer.

LPT-   ,  8-  , 5-     4-   .   -  Centronics Data Computer.            .

, ,  LPT-  SPP (Standart Paralell Port).    ,     .        ,         (  ,    ..).          40-50 /.    ,     LPT,    ,         ,    20 /.

      - EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port).     Intel, Xircom  Zenith Data Systems.   ,   ,        .  ,     2 /.         CD-ROM,     .

      .   Hewlett-Packard  Microsoft    ECP (Extended Capability Port).         ,        DMA (   ),       .

   USB      . USB   LPT,     .        USB.

 

 ,    ,   . ,  ,     ,     .         .

 .

      80- ,     .       ,          ,    ""  3D-.      (     16 )   ,     .