The Hugs 98 User's Guide
Prev |  | Next

# Chapter 2. Using Hugs

The interpreter may be started with a command line of the form

hugs [`option`...] [`file`...]

On many systems it can also be found in the system menus, and may be started by (double) clicking on a file with a "`.hs`" or "`.lhs`" extension.

Hugs takes options from the command line and elsewhere (see Section 3.1), and then loads the Haskell `Prelude` module, as well as as any modules specified on the command line.

Hugs starts with a banner like

      __   __ __  __  ____   ___      _________________________________________
      ||   || ||  || ||  || ||__      Hugs 98: Based on the Haskell 98 standard
      ||___|| ||__|| ||__||  __||     Copyright (c) 1994-2003
      ||---||         ___||           World Wide Web: http://haskell.org/hugs
      ||   ||                         Report bugs to: hugs-bugs@haskell.org
      ||   || Version: November 2003  _________________________________________

      Haskell 98 mode: Restart with command line option -98 to enable extensions

      Type :? for help
      Prelude>

The prompt string `Prelude>` indicates that the current module is the Haskell `Prelude` (assuming no modules were specified on the command line). At this prompt, you can type Haskell expressions to be evaluated, and also enter commands of the form ":`cmd`", where `cmd` may be abbreviated to a single letter.

# 2.1. Basic operation

`expr`

  Evaluate a Haskell expression. The expression cannot be broken over multiple lines. Usually, the value is simply converted to a string (using `show`) and printed:

        Prelude> 1+2
        3

  The printing style can be changed with the `-u` option (see Section 3.1.4).

  However, if `expr` has type `IO` `t` for some type `t`, the resulting IO action is performed:

        Prelude> print (1+2) >> putStrLn "bye"
        3
        bye

  Usually the value produced by this action is ignored, but this can be changed with the `+I` option (see Section 3.1.4).

  | On ambiguous types

  If the type of `expr` is ambiguous, defaulting is applied to each ambiguous type variable `v` whose constraints all have the form `C` `v` where `C` is a standard class, and at least one of these classes is a numeric class, or is `Show`, `Eq` or `Ord`. (This is an extension of the Haskell 98 rule applied to top-level definitions in modules, which requires a numeric class.) It is an error if any ambiguous type variables cannot be handled in this way. For example, consider

        Prelude> reverse []
        []

  Here a `Show` constraint on the list elements arises from Hugs's use of `show` to display the result, so the type of the elements defaults to `Integer`, removing the ambiguity.

:type `expr`

  Print the type of `expr`, without evaluating it. Usually the defaulting rules (discussed above) are not applied to the type before printing, but this can be changed with the `+T` option (see Section 3.1.4).

:set [`option`...]

  Set command line options. See Section 3.1 for a list of available options. On Win32, the new option settings are saved to the registry, and so persist across Hugs sessions. To make settings persistent on other systems, put them in the `HUGSFLAGS` environment variable.

  If no options are given, list the available options and their current settings.

:quit

  Exit the interpreter.

Prev | Home | Next
Introduction |  | Loading and editing Haskell module files