# Opening and Importing Files

There are several ways to open an existing file to be used in Gnumeric. Usually, a given file can be opened in Gnumeric if Gnumeric also allows the file to be saved in the same format. Other file formats may be imported into Gnumeric (see for a list of supported formats).

## Opening Files

The Open File Dialog can be invoked several ways. It is available in the Menubar from the File/ Open.. menuitem (see ). There is also a toolbar Open (see ). All these methods are equivalent.

### Opening a file

Menubar

  File/ Open..

Standard Toolbar

  An image of the open file button. Open

Keyboard Shortcut

  F3

## Importing Files

The Import File Dialog can be invoked in the Menubar from the File/ Import.. menuitem (see ).

### Importing a file

Menubar

  File/ Save as...

## File Formats

In the Save as.. dialog you can choose between various file formats. (see )

### File Format Selector

An image of the list of supported file types.

Similarly, in the Import.. dialog you can also choose between various file formats. (see )

### File Format Selector

An image of the supported importing file formats.

Most of these formats are provided by plug-ins. If they don't appear on your list of available plug-ins use the Tools Plug-ins... menu item to verify that the appropriate plug-in has been loaded.

### Gnumeric XML File Format

The default file format and Gnumeric's native format is an xml based file. The file format is a ascii text based xml format. It is however, typically written and read in a gzip compressed form.

The uncompressed format is human readable and designed to be easily parsed. It is very extensible.

### Data Interchange Format

This format is supported by the Data Interchange Format (DIF) module plug-in.

This format is available when saving or importing files.

### DVI TeX Format

This format is supported by the HTML & TeX plug-in.

This format is only available when saving files.

Creation of a dvi file with Gnumeric requires that `groff` has been installed. If a complete TeX installation is available it is probably advisable to use the LaTeX format () instead, since the created LaTeX file can be extensively customized before creating the dvi file from it.

#### Gnumeric Sample Screenshot

An image of currency data in Gnumeric .

#### Saving as DVI TeX

The screenshot shows an example Gnumeric file. If we save this file in DVI TeX format and open it using `xdvi` we obtain .

#### `xdvi` Screenshot of DVI TeX File

An image of DVI ouput from Gnumeric.

### MS Excel File Formats

This format is supported by the MS Excel File Formats plug-in.

Gnumeric can open files from most recent versions of MS Excel. It can also save files in MS Excel 95 format.

### Experimental Bonobo EFS Format

This format is supported by the EXPERIMENTAL SAX based XML plug-in.

This format is available when importing or saving files.

### Gnome Glossary PO File Format

This format is supported by the Gnome Glossary plug-in.

This format is only available when saving files.

### HTML File Formats

These formats are supported by the HTML & TeX plug-in.

#### HTML generated by Gnumeric

This format is only available when importing or opening files.

Very simple and well structured HTML tables can be opened by Gnumeric into an appropriate spreadsheet. In this process, Gnumeric will lose information on merged cells and most other formatting, but the main cell values should be preserved.

#### HTML 3.2 File Format

This format is only available when saving files.

Gnumeric can create HTML 3.2 files. All sheets of the current workbook are exported. The tables in the HTML 3.2 file contain all cells, whether visible or not, including merged cells and spans. Horizontal as well as vertical alignment is preserved, as are font colors and some font characteristics (italic, bold). These files also include an appropriate preamble.

##### Saving as HTML 3.2

The screenshot shows an example Gnumeric file. If we save this file in HTML 3.2 format and open it using Mozilla 0.95 we obtain .

##### Mozilla Screenshot of HTML 3.2 File

An image of html output.

#### HTML 4.0 File Format

This format is only available when saving files.

Gnumeric can create HTML 4.0 files. All sheets of the current workbook are exported. The tables in the HTML 4.0 file contain all cells, whether visible or not, including merged cells and spans. Horizontal as well as vertical alignment is preserved, as are some font characteristics (italic, bold) and cell background colors. These files also include an appropriate preamble.

##### Saving as HTML 4.0

The screenshot shows an example Gnumeric file. If we save this file in HTML 4.0 format and open it using Mozilla 0.95 we obtain .

##### Mozilla Screenshot of HTML 4.0 File

An image of the html4.0 export format.

#### HTML Fragment Format

This format is only available when saving files.

Gnumeric can create HTML fragments. All sheets of the current workbook are exported. The tables in such a fragment file contain all cells, whether visible or not, including merged cells and spans. Horizontal as well as vertical alignment is preserved, as are some font characteristics (italic, bold) as well as cell background and font colors. These files do not contain any preamble. Note that each tag used in these files is valid in some HTML version, the combination of these tags in a Gnumeric generated HTML fragment may not be.

##### Saving as HTML fragment

The screenshot shows an example Gnumeric file. If we save this file as an HTML fragment and open it using Mozilla 0.95 we obtain .

##### Mozilla Screenshot of HTML Fragment

An image of an html table.

### LaTeX 2e Format

This format is supported by the HTML & TeX plug-in.

This format is only available when saving files.

Only the top sheet of the current workbook is exported.

The created LaTeX file can either be input into another LaTeX file (see ) or `latex`ed independently. See the content and of the created file for various customization options.

#### Saving as LaTeX file

The screenshot shows an example Gnumeric file. If we save this file as LaTeX file, `tex` it using `pdflatex` and open it using `xpdf` we obtain .

#### `xpdf` Screenshot of LaTeX file

An image of a table rendered in LaTeX.

#### Including Tables Into Other Documents

To include an exported Gnumeric table into another LaTeX document you need to use several packages

            \usepackage{color}
            \usepackage{array}
            \usepackage{longtable}
            \usepackage{calc}
            \usepackage{multirow}
            \usepackage{hhline}
            \usepackage{ifthen}

and to add the following lines to the preamble of your document:

            \newlength{\gnumericTableWidth}
            \newlength{\gnumericTableWidthComplete}

When you have set up your main document in this way, include each table with:

            \input{mygnumericfile.tex}

#### Customizing The LaTeX Tables

To switch from portrait to landscape for independently `latex`ed tables, uncomment the line:

    	                  %,landscape%

to obtain

    	\documentclass[12pt%
    	                  ,landscape%
                        ]{report}

To change the column widths, look for the following section in the LaTeX file:

    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    %%                                                                  %%
    %% The following are the widths of the various columns. We are      %%
    %% defining them here because then they are easier to change.       %%
    %% Depending on the cell formats we may use them more than once.    %%
    %%                                                                  %%
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

    \def\gnumericColA{107pt*\gnumericScale}
    \def\gnumericColB{89pt*\gnumericScale}
    \def\gnumericColC{98pt*\gnumericScale}
    \def\gnumericColD{89pt*\gnumericScale}
    \def\gnumericColE{89pt*\gnumericScale}

To change the second column (Column B) to a width of 0.75 inches, we would simply have to modify this code to:

    \def\gnumericColA{107pt*\gnumericScale}
    \def\gnumericColB{0.75in}
    \def\gnumericColC{98pt*\gnumericScale}
    \def\gnumericColD{89pt*\gnumericScale}
    \def\gnumericColE{89pt*\gnumericScale}

### Linear and Integer Program File Format

This format is supported by the Linear and integer expression (MPS) format module plug-in.

This format is only available when importing files.

### Plan Perfect Format

This format is supported by the Plan Perfect plug-in.

This format is only available when importing files.

### PDF Format

Currently, Gnumeric cannot save directly as a PDF file; but, provided a standard `tetex` installation is available, the Gnumeric file can be saved as a LaTeX file (see ), and turned into a PDF file using `pdflatex`.

See for an example of a created PDF file.

### SC/XSpread Format

This format is supported by the SC/XSpread Format plug-in.

This format is only available when importing files.

### Text Format

This format exports Gnumeric spreadsheets as straight text or imports them from straight text files. Both export (save as) as well as import can be highly customized.

#### The Text Export Druid

After specifying the Text File Export Format and a file name in the Save as.. dialog, the text export druid starts to guide you through the various options:

1. Specify which sheets to export.

   ##### Specifying which sheets to export

   An image of the first page of the text export druid.

2. Choose the line terminator to use. You should select it based on the platform you want the created file to be used on. Choose one of several field separators and whether to quote all fields or only as needed. The defaults create the standard Unix csv format.

   ##### Specifying line terminators

   An image of the second page of the text export druid.

3. Select Finish to finally export the selected sheets and create the text file. The standard csv output of is shown in .

   ##### csv File

       ,"Operating System",,,
       ,DOS,Linux,SCO,
       January,"$1000.00 ","$900.00 ","$500.00 ",
       February,"$900.00 ","$2500.00 ","$300.00 ",
       March,"$800.00 ","$4100.00 ","$100.00 ",
       April,"$700.00 ","$5700.00 ",($100.00),
       May,"$600.00 ","$7300.00 ",($300.00),
       June,"$500.00 ","$8900.00 ",($500.00),
       July,"$400.00 ","$10500.00 ",($700.00),
       August,"$300.00 ","$12100.00 ",($900.00),
       September,"$200.00 ","$13700.00 ",($1100.00),
       October,"$100.00 ","$15300.00 ",($1300.00),
       November,"$0.00 ","$16900.00 ",($1500.00),
       December,($100.00),"$18500.00 ",($1700.00),
       ,,,,
       Totals:,"$5400.00 ","$116400.00 ",($7200.00),
       ,,,,

#### The Text Import Druid

After specifying the Text File Import Format and a file name in the Import.. dialog, the text import druid starts to guide you through the various options.

On the first screen of the druid specify the basic format type (fixed width fields or fields separated by specific characters), as well as the line numbers of the lines to import.

##### Selecting the basic format type

An image of the first page of the text import druid.

##### The Text Import Druid for Separated Fields

1. ###### Separation Customization

   An image of the second page of the text import druid.

   Select the appropriate field separator(s) in the Separator frame. Select the See two separators as oneoption if any sequence of separators are supposed to be considered a single separator. The Example frame gives immediate feedback on your choices:

   ###### Separation Customization With Correct Selection

   An image of the second page of the text import druid with the comma separator seleced.

2. Finally select the appropriate format for each input column:

   ###### Selecting Formats

   An image of the third page of the text import druid.

   After selecting a column on the left select the appropriate format on the right. In the preview section at the bottom of the dialog, you can immediately see the effect of selecting that format. The following types of formats are available:

   General

     This format will guess for each field value whether it is text, a number, a date, etc.

   Numbers

     You can choose between various number formats. The following list presents just a short selection of those formats:

     ###### Some Number Formats

         0
         0.00
         #,##0
         #,##0_);(#,##0)
         #,##0.00_);[Red](#,##0.00)

     There are also formats facilitating the use of scientific notation, see .

   Currency Amounts

     You can choose between various currency formats. The following list presents just a short selection of those formats:

     ###### Some Currency Formats

         "$"#,##0
         "$"#,##0_);(#,##0)
         "$"#,##0.00_);[Red](#,##0.00)

   Dates and Times

     You can choose between various date and time formats. Some of these formats will recognize combined date/time entries. The following list presents just a short selection of those formats:

     ###### Some Date and Time Formats

         m/d/yy
         d-mmm-yyyy
         d-mm
         mmm/d
         mmm/ddd/yyyy
         mmmm-yyyy
         m/d/yyyy h:mm
         yyyy
         h:mm:ss AM/PM
         [h]:mm:ss

   Percentages

     You can choose between various formats that recognize percentages. The following list presents just a short selection of those formats:

     ###### Some Percentage Formats

         0%
         0.00%

   Fractions

     You can choose between a few formats that recognize fractions. The following list presents just a short selection of those formats:

     ###### Some Fraction Formats

         # ?/?
         # ??/??

   Scientific Notation

     You can choose between a few formats that recognize numbers in scientific notation.. The following list presents just a short selection of those formats:

     ###### Some Scientific Formats

         0.00E+00
         ##0.0E+0

   Text

     If you want the importer to simply read the field value as text without attempting to interpret it in any way, use the following text format:

     ###### The Text Format

         @

   More details on the various formats can be found in .

3. Click the Finish button to complete importing the file.

##### The Text Import Druid for Fixed Width Fields

1. If you selected fixed width fields you are asked to specify the widths for each field. Click the Auto Column Discovery button to have Gnumeric try to determine the fields widths automatically.

   ######

   An image of the third page of the text import druid with fixed width customization.

2. Finally select the appropriate format for each input column as in .

3. Click the Finish button to complete importing the file.

### `TROFF` Format

This format is supported by the HTML & TeX plug-in.

This format is only available when saving files.

Files in this format are useful because they can be converted with the `groff` or `troff` commands into various other common formats. For example, given a `TROFF` file myfile.me, the command

      groff -me -t -Tps myfile.me >myfile.ps

will create a postscript file of the corresponding table.

Similarly, the command

    groff -me -t -Tascii myfile.me >myfile.ascii

creates an ascii (straight text) file.

#### Creating an ASCII File

If we save as a `troff` file hypothetical-sales.me and then execute the command

    groff -me -t -Tascii hypothetical-sales.me >hypothetical-sales.ascii

then the file hypothetical-sales.ascii contains:

    Sheet 0

    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |          | Operating System |             |            |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |          |       DOS        |    Linux    |    SCO     |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |  January | $1000.00         | $900.00     | $500.00    |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    | February | $900.00          | $2500.00    | $300.00    |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |    March | $800.00          | $4100.00    | $100.00    |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |    April | $700.00          | $5700.00    | ($100.00)  |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |      May | $600.00          | $7300.00    | ($300.00)  |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |     June | $500.00          | $8900.00    | ($500.00)  |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |     July | $400.00          | $10500.00   | ($700.00)  |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |   August | $300.00          | $12100.00   | ($900.00)  |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |September | $200.00          | $13700.00   | ($1100.00) |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |  October | $100.00          | $15300.00   | ($1300.00) |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    | November | $0.00            | $16900.00   | ($1500.00) |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    | December | ($100.00)        | $18500.00   | ($1700.00) |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |          |                  |             |            |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |  Totals: | $5400.00         | $116400.00  | ($7200.00) |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+
    |          |                  |             |            |   |
    +----------+------------------+-------------+------------+---+

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